Coronary artery disease – HEART DISEASES:-

 Coronary artery disease is a type of heart diseases affecting mainly the coronary arteries. Coronary artery disease also known as a Ischemic heart disease It is where we have poor blood flow to the heart. Coronary arteries are the arteries that actually supply the blood and oxygen to various parts of the heart and in our body . Coronary arteries that deliver a constant blood supply to your heart muscle. These arteries that’s set on top of the heart because your heart in order for that muscle to work properly it has to have constant fresh nice oxygenated blood going to it and it starts to develop these fatty plaques which will cause blockages or restrict blood flow to the heart and these fatty plaques are caused by a condition called atherosclerosis and this occurs in the artery wall and it happens over time and like I said it limits the blood supply to the heart muscle and if it gets so bad it can eventually stop blood from flow into certain parts of your heart and cause your heart tissue muscle to die. As these plaques what is dangerous about these plaques is cannot only grow mess up blood flow but it can also rupture .

EXPLANATION:-

If we get no blood flow it can lead to acute myocardial infarction and this is where we have necrosis. The Myocardial tissue caused by lack of oxygenation and blood flow and as I mentioned acute myocardial infarction is a result of coronary artery .So coronary artery disease is associated with angina which occurs when there is a temporary loss of blood supply to the heart and this causes chest pain. There are two types of angina, stable angina and unstable angina . Stable angina is where we have a stable plaque and chest pain comes about upon exertion so exercising .Then there is unstable angina which is a result of a hemodynamically unstable plaque and we have thrombosis involved. A heart attack occurs when the hot blood vessel is suddenly blocked and this is life-threatening and leads to myocardial infarction.

SYMPTOMS:-

The most common symptom is angina . Nausea,Sweating,Fatigue, or shortness of breath can join the typical pressure-like chest pain.

Other symptoms of coronary artery disease include:

• Faster heartbeat
• Nausea
• Palpitations (irregular heartbeats)
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Weakness or dizziness

RISK FACTORS:-

• Men over age of 45 and woman over age of 55 are at heart risk
• Smoking
• Family history of heart disease
• High blood pressure (Hypertension)
• Low cholesterol
• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Obesity
• Chronic kidney disease

How can we prevent coronary heart disease ?

Here are some methods that can impact a lot .

• First of all diet , In terms of diet ,diet Low in saturated fat so decreasing your total saturated fat intake and increasing the fiber intake .
• Eating fruits and vegetables could help a lot .As to eat healthy means to live healthy .
• Eating fish daily can low the risk of coronary heart disease .
• If we exercise daily it can also have a Lot of impact on our health .
• Exercise will improve our blood flow and it will give us benefits .

DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE:-

The doctor will ask questions about your medical history, do a physical exam and order routine blood tests. He may suggest one or more diagnostic tests as well, including:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Exercise stress test
• Nuclear stress test
• Cardiac catheterization and angiogram
• Cardiac CT scan
• A CT coronary angiogram

With the help of these tests the doctor will be able to know the condition of your heart .

Drugs :

Various drugs can be used to treat coronary artery disease, including:

Cholesterol-modifying medications.These medications reduce (or modify) the primary material that deposits on the coronary arteries. Aspirin:- Doctors can recommend taking aspirin and other blood anticoagulants daily. This reduces the tendency of blood to clot and prevents the coronary arteries from becoming clogged. Beta blockers:-These drugs slow your heart rate and decrease your blood pressure, which decreases your heart’s demand for oxygen. Calcium channel blockers:This medicinal drug can assist human beings with chest pain (angina). If you can’t prescribe or take it with a beta-blocker, you can prescribe it in place of a beta-blocker. Nitroglycerin. Tablets, sprays, and patches of nitroglycerin may additionally reduce chest ache via briefly dilating the coronary arteries and lowering the heart’s need for blood.

You should visit a doctor and take treatment and medicine as he will prescribe.

PROCEDURE AND SURGERY:-

Interventional surgery is a non-surgical treatment that removes plaque build-up in the arteries and prevents blockages. The usual operations are balloon angioplasty and stenting. These procedures are done through a long, thin tube called a catheter. It is inserted into the artery in the upper part of the wrist or leg through a small incision and guided to the area where the artery is blocked or narrowed. The balloon expands the diameter of the artery to restore blood flow to the heart. The stent (a small metal spring-like stent) is left in place to keep the artery open.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery involves opening a new pathway for blood flow when a coronary artery is blocked. In most cases, the surgeon will remove the blood vessels from your chest, arms, or legs and create new ways to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

If traditional treatment options are unsuccessful Your cardiologist may recommend other treatment options, such as enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP). In this process, an inflatable cuff (such as a blood pressure cuff) is used to squeeze the blood vessels in the lower body. This helps improve blood flow to the heart and helps establish a natural bypass (collateral circulation) around blocked coronary arteries. For patients with chronic stable angina who cannot undergo invasive surgery or bypass surgery and cannot be relieved from drugs, enhanced external counterpulsation is a possible treatment.